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Universalis ADF Std Bold Cond Italic. OTF Waterfall 275 characters. Waterfall 144 pt 72 pt 48 pt 36 pt 24 pt 18 pt 14 pt 12 pt 10 pt Charmaps. Sign in to your Universal Credit account - report a change, add a note to your journal, see your payments and do other tasks. Europa Universalis 4 DLC. Here is a list of all of the best EU4 DLC. Conquest of Paradise; Wealth of Nations; Res Publica; Art of War; El Dorado; Common Sense.
| Designer(s) | Ralph Mazza, Mike Holmes |
|---|---|
| Publisher(s) | Ramshead Publishing |
| Publication date | 2002 |
| Genre(s) | Universal |
Universalism Definition
Universalis is a role-playing game (RPG) from Ramshead Publishing that stresses interactive storytelling. The game uses a unique system, based on 'coins' that are used to make additions to the game, which allows the entire group to participate in the creation of the setting and events in play without a traditional gamemaster. The rules also provide a means of negotiating their own alteration, allowing for unlimited customization for play. The system is meant to support any possible genre.
System[edit]
Story power[edit]
Coins are the measure of story power in Universalis. By spending coins, players can create Facts in the game. These may be about characters, the setting, or the scene being played. Each player begins with a number of coins (typically 25), and gains more after each scene plays out (typically 5). Players may also gain coins by winning Complications (see below).
Setting tenets[edit]
Unlike most RPGs, where the game setting and any setting-specific rules are either taken from a published source or created by the gamemaster, Universalis play begins with the setting of Tenets which define the nature of the setting.
Going in a circle around the table, each player has the option to spend a coin to establish a tenet, or to pass. Tenets can be challenged using the rules, but it's more common for players to simply negotiate an amicable settlement when there's a disagreement about a proposed tenet. Once no more players want to establish new tenets, the initial phase is over and the game begins.
Scenes[edit]
Universalis is played out in scenes. Players bid coins for the privilege of establishing a new scene—the high bidder wins, and gets to set the location and time, and introduce characters or items into the scene. Play then proceeds around the table, with each player having the chance to narrate and spend coins. Spending coins establishes new Facts in the game, which can be drawn on by the other players, and used in resolving Complications. A player may Interrupt the normal flow by spending a coin to do so, immediately getting their turn.
Challenges[edit]
When a player wishes to establish a Fact and another wants to oppose it, a Challenge results if the two players cannot come to an agreement. Established Facts can be drawn on in the Challenge, and all players have the chance to weigh in with their coins. When everyone has spent the coins and called on the Facts that they wish to, a die roll is then used to resolve the challenge (with the dice rolled depending on how many Facts and Coins each side has). The winner gains new Coins, and gets to narrate the result of the Challenge.
Modifying the rules[edit]
Rules in Universalis are just another kind of Fact, and can be established by spending coins.
External links[edit]
- A review of Universalis at RPGnet, by J B Bell
What is Alopecia Universalis?
The most advanced form in a series of conditions all related to the same disease, Alopecia Universalis (AU) is characterized by total a loss of body hair. A member of the group of hair loss conditions called Alopecia Areata, the only difference between Alopecia Universalis and its variants is the extent of hair loss.
Alopecia Universalis Symptoms
Normally, sufferers are otherwise healthy, but are more likely than the general population to experience thyroid disease and vitiligo (patchy loss of skin color). Those with vitiligo may eventually develop AU over time. Many individuals with Alopecia Universalis are born with some hair but begin losing it very quickly. The disorder is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. It is caused by a mutation in a gene dubbed HR in chromosome band 8p21.2 — the human version of the gene that is responsible for hairlessness in mice.
Is the “hairless” gene only found in people with alopecia universalis? Most likely. Based on the known research, we can safely assume that only individuals with this rare and severe form of alopecia areata carry the gene. Unfortunately, there have not been enough studies to verify that this is true of all those afflicted. Aside from genetic tendencies, the contributing causes of Alopecia Universalis are not known.
As lack of body hair leaves areas like the scalp, eyes and nasal cavity particularly vulnerable, it is important that those with Alopecia Universalis take extra care to protect themselves from the sun, bacteria and other potentially harmful elements.
According to the National Alopecia Areata Foundation, fingernails and toenails can also be affected. Symptoms in the nails can range from pinprick-like indentations to severe distortion of the entire nail. Alopecia Universalis may be acute and short-lived or remain permanently. Regrowth is always a possibility, even for those with 100% hair loss over many years. However, it is not possible to predict when regrowth will occur.
Causes of Alopecia Universalis
In 1998, a researcher named M. Ahmad and his team of colleagues studied a family in which alopecia universalis was present in three consecutive generations. The afflicted children in the family showed no other health problems; however, skin biopsies from their scalps showed very few hair follicles. Of the follicles present, few contained hair shafts.
Researchers established that there were no other inflammatory conditions present to inhibit hair growth. The subjects were born without eyebrows or eyelashes and never developed them. They also never developed underarm or pubic hair.
Researchers analyzed the chromosomes of all 7 individuals with AU to detect genetic similarities. They found a marker at the location 8p12, consistent in all 7 subjects, but were unable to determine exactly which gene was at this location.
As a result, they hypothesized that there may be a genetic similarity in hairless mice which might match the one they found in the humans. Fortunately, there were several examples of alopecia in mice. They cloned the mouse hairless gene and used the mouse sequence to make PCR primers. They then used these primers on cDNA made from the mRNA of human skin fibroblasts. This identified a cDNA sequence which gave them the coding sequence of the human “hairless” gene. In humans and mice, this gene is expressed in the skin and brain. (The brain function of the gene is not known). It appears to encode a zinc-finger transcription factor. A mutation was found to be present in the “hairless” genes of all the affected individuals in the family that was studied.
Now let’s take a look at some information on treatment methods for people suffering from AU.
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